empiricism

        rationalism

Aristotlian science Platonic idealism
induction   deduction
empiricism (Locke)   rationalism (Kant)
representationalism (Kant)
direct realism (Reid) indirect realism (Hune)
   foundationalism () foundherentism (Haack)    coherentism (Bonjour)
reductionism (Quine)
verificationism (Kuhn)
falsificationism (Popper)
logical positivism (Ayer)
idealism (Berkley)
solipsism (Wittgenstein)
skepticism (Descartes)
functionalism (Putnam)
contextualism
particularism (Chisholm) methodism (Chisholm)
abduction (Peirce)