Justus Lipsius' De Constantia (1584)

the Renaissance neo-Stoic revival

Marcus Aurelius' Meditations (180)

the Enchiridion of Epictetus (135)

Seneca's Dialogues (40)

the Roman Late Stoa

Posidonius (95 bc) established himself in Rhodes

Panaetius (141 bc) introduced Rome to Stoic doctrines and Greek philosophy

the Middle Stoa

Chrysippus (232 bc) was the third head of the school

Cleanthes (263 bc) became the second head of the Stoic school

the Painted Porch (stoa poikile), erected during the 3rd century bc, was located on the north side of

the Ancient Agora of Athens, and was where Zeno of Citium started to teach taught Stoicism in 291 bc

the Old Stoa

Zeno of Citium studied logic with Stilpo and Diodorus Cronus of the Megarian school of philosophy