Paul Jarvis (1982), Garret Thomson (1982) put together pseudodictionary.com,

the largest and best researched online dictionary of slang

Steven Pinker (1954)

Nathan Salmon (1951)

Irene Pepperberg (1949)

George Lakoff (1941)

Saul Aaron Kripke (1940)

Jerry Fodor (1935)

David Kaplan (1933)

John Searle (1932) Searle's Speech Acts developed Austin's analysis of performative utterances

Richard Montague (1930-1971) pioneered a logical approach to natural

language semantics which became known as Montague grammar

Noam Chomsky (1928) proposed a universal grammar,

Hilary Putnam (1926)

Michael A. E. Dummett (1925)

Henry Kucera (1925) Computational Analysis of Present-Day American English

Ernest Gellner (1925-1995)

Hector-Neri Castaneda (1924-1991) philosophy of language,

Eric Lenneberg (1921-1975)

Donald Davidson (1917)

G. H. von Wright (1916)

Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (1915-1975)

Paul Ricoeur (1913)

Paul Grice (1913-1988) philosopher of language, conversational implicature,

John Langshaw Austin (1911-1960) philosopher of language, distinguishes three locutionary forces in utterances,

Zellig Harris (1909-1992)

C. L. Stevenson (1908-1979)

Nelson Goodman (1906-1998) invented the concept "grue" as the new riddle of induction,

Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897-1941) developed the

principle of linguistic relativity, aka the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Roman Jakobson (1896-1982)

I. A. Richards (1893-1979)

Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970)

Nikolai Trubetzkoy (1890-1938) Principles of Phonology

Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)

Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949)

Karl Bühler (1879-1963)

Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)

Louis Couturat (1868-1914) wrote on the possibility of a universal language,

Holger Pedersen (1867-1953)

Woo Tsin-hang (1865-1953)

Otto Jespersen (1860-1943)

Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (1858-1922)

Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) founder of the school of structural linguistics,

Gottlob Frege (1848-1925)

Karl Verner (1846-1896)

Herbert Giles (1845-1935)

Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929)

William Archibald Spooner (1844-1930)

Victoria, Lady Welby (1837-1912)

Gustav Teichmüller (1832-1888)

Konrad Duden (1829-1911)

August Schleicher (1821-1868)

Thomas Francis Wade (1818-1895)

Pierre Larousse (1817-1875)

Franz Bopp (1791-1867)

Jean Francois Champollion (1790-1832)

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet (1787-1851)

Rasmus Christian Rask (1787-1832)

Alexander Bryan Johnson (1786-1867)

Georg Anton Friedrich Ast (1778-1841)

Friedrich von Schlegel (1772-1829)

Sequoyah (1767-1843)

Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835)

Noah Webster (1758-1843) lexicographer

William Jones (1746-1794)

Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744-1803) Concerning the Origin of Speech

Robert Lowth (1710-1787) A Short Introduction to English Grammar

Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)

Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn (1612-1653)

Johannes Goropius Becanus (1519-1572)

Leone Battista Alberti (1404-1472)

Manuel Chrysoloras (1355-1415)

Boëthius of Dacia (1240-1280)

Robert Kilwardby (1215-1279)

Adam Parvipontanus (d. 1181)

Bernard of Chartres (1114-1126)

Solomon Ibn Gabirol (1021-1058)

Saadiah Gaon (882-942)

Kukai (774-835)

Sibawayh (760)

Bhartrhari (570-651)

Priscian (500) grammarian

Johannes Philoponus (490-575)

Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius (fl 400) grammarian

Crates of Mallus (2nd century bc) grammarian

Dionysius Thrax (170-90 bc)

Demetrius of Phaleron (350-280 bc) literary critic

Aristotle (384-322 bc) Poetics

Plato (427-347 bc) Cratylus

Prodicus of Ceos (465-399 bc) on propriety of language

Pānini (500 bc)

Psammetichus I (fl. 656 bc)