Napoleon Bonaparte (November 9, 1799) came to power with the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire,

prepared by the Abbé Sieyès. Napoleon reigned until the restoration of the Bourbons in 1814

Napoleon`s egyptian campaign (1798)

the coup of 18 Fructidor (September 4, 1797) in which General Augereau was a key figure,

annulled the previous elections and removed Lazare Carnot and François de Barthélemy from the

Directory. The coup was directed against those who wished to restore a constitutional monarchy

Napoleon`s austrian campaign (1797)

Napoleon`s italian campaign (1796)

Right, Left, and Center entered the political lexicon (1795) as the Council of 500 seated themselves

according to political alignment-the most radical sitting to the left of the semi-circular assembly hall

the Directory (October 1795-1799) held executive power in France

from the end of the Convention to the beginning of the Consulate

Maximilien Robespierre (July 28, 1794) one of the best known leaders

of the French Revolution, was guillotined by his conspiring comrades

Battle of the Vosges (July 2-13, 1794)

Battle of Fleurus (June 26, 1794)

Law of 22 Prairial (June 10, 1794)

Festival of the Supreme Being (June 8, 1794)

Antoine Lavoisier (May 8, 1794) was beheaded

the Legislative Assembly (1794) liberated all slaves in French

colonies, making France the first country to free her slaves

the Cult of Reason (November 10, 1793)

the French Revolutionary Calendar (October 24, 1793)

was adopted by the Jacobin-controlled National Convention

Passing of the Law of Maximum Général (September 17, 1793)

a comprehensive program of wage and price controls and the Law of Suspects

the Levée en masse (August 23, 1793)

Jean-Paul Marat (July 13, 1793) was killed in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday. Mademoiselle Corday was

a Girondin and her action provoked reprisals in which thousands of enemies of the Jacobins - royalists and Girondins

alike - were executed on supposed charges of treason. Corday herself was guillotined on July 17, 1793 for the murder

the Reign of Terror (June 1793 - July 1794) was a period in the French Revolution characterized by brutal

repression. The Terror originated with a highly centralized political regime that suspended most of the

democratic achievements of the Revolution, and intended to pursue the Revolution on social matters. Its stated

aim was to destroy internal enemies and conspirators and to oust the external enemies from French territory.

The Committee of Public Safety set up by the National Convention on April 6, 1793, formed the de facto

executive government of France during the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution. The Committee ceased

meeting in 1795, but during its existence it was controlled mainly by Maximilien Robespierre, until his execution

France annexed Monaco (February 14, 1793)

Louis XVI (January 21, 1793) was executed. His

wife Marie Antoinette was guillotined on October 16

the National Convention (September 20, 1792 - October 26, 1795) comprised

the constitutional and legislative assembly until it was succeeded by the Directory.

The first session was held on 20 September 1792. The following day royalty

was abolished: the formal end of the French monarchy and the beginning of the Republic.

September 22 thus marks the first day of the French Republic’s calendar system

the September Massacres (September 2, 1792) took place when news reached Paris that the Prussian army

had invaded France, and was advancing quickly toward the capital. Moreover, rumours circulated that there

were many in Paris, such as non-juring priests who secretly opposed the Revolution and supported the foreign

powers allied against it. Furthermore, food was scarce. During this time the Legislative Assembly was in near-collapse

and its successor, the Convention, had not yet come into being. This left the municipal government of Paris, at this

time under the control of some of the most radical revolutionary elements, including the sans-culottes, who became

almost a de facto government of France. On September 3 and September 4, crowds broke into the prisons where

they murdered the prisoners, who some feared were counter-revolutionaries who would aid the invading Prussians

the Paris Commune (August 10, 1792) supported insurgents, who assailed the Tuileries. The

king and queen ended up prisoners and a rump session of the Legislative Assembly suspended

the monarchy: little more than a third of the deputies were present, almost all of them Jacobins.

the massacre of the Champ de Mars (July 17, 1791) occured after a crowd collected to draft a petition

seeking the removal of King Louis XVI, soldiers under the command of the Marquis de la Fayette opened fire

the royal family (June 20, 1791) fled the Tuileries. However, Louis XVI was forced to return to Paris on

June 25 and the National Assembly declared the king to be inviolable and he reinstated him on July 15

the Papal bull, Cavitas (April 13, 1791) condemning the Civil Constitution

and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was published

the Girondists (February 1791 - October 31, 1793) supported the monarchy

Robespierre (December 1790) advocated in a speech on the organization of the National Guards that

the words "The French People" and "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" be written on uniforms and flags,

but his proposal was rejected. Linked by Fénelon at the end of the 17th century, the notions of liberty,

 equality and fraternity became more widespread during the Age of Enlightenment. And from 1793 onwards,

 Parisians painted the following words "Unity, indivisibility of the Republic; liberty, equality or death" on the

 façades of their houses. In September 1792, the National Convention decided by decree that the new seal

 of the state would represent a standing woman holding a spear with a Phrygian cap held aloft on top of it

on the day of the Fête de la Fédération (July 14, 1790) all the representatives of the provinces of

 France gathered on the Champ de Mars in Paris in presence of the king Louis XVI and proclaimed

the national unity of France. They vowed to remain faithful to "the Nation, the Law, the King"

the Cordeliers (May 21, 1790 - March 24, 1794) were officially known as the Society of the Friends

of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. They popularised the motto "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (August 26, 1789)

was adopted by the Assembly as the first step toward writing a constitution

the National Assembly (August 4, 1789) abolished feudalism.

the Great Fear (July 17, 1789)

after four hours of combat (July 14, 1789) the insurgents seized the Bastille prison,

killing the governor, Marquis Bernard de Launay and several of his guard

the National Assembly reconstituted itself (July 9, 1789) as the National Constituent Assembly

the Tennis Court Oath (June 20, 1789) occured when Louis XVI shut the Salle des États where the Assembly met.

The Assembly moved their deliberations to the king's tennis court, where they proceeded to swear the Tennis Court Oath

under which they agreed not to separate until they had given France a constitution. A majority of the representatives of the

clergy soon joined them, as did forty-seven members of the nobility. By June 27 the royal party had overtly given in, although

the military began to arrive in large numbers around Paris and Versailles. Messages of support for the Assembly poured in

from Paris and other French cities. On July 9, the Assembly reconstituted itself as the National Constituent Assembly which

was succeeded by the Legislative Assembly on September 30, 1791. The Legislative Assembly lasted until it was replaced

by the establishment of the National Convention on September 20,1792

the National Assembly (June 17 - July 9, 1789) was founded after the Estates-General had been called in May of 1789

to deal with France's financial crisis, but failed to accomplish this due to squabbling between the Estates. On June 17,

1789, having completed their verification of powers, the communes ("commoners"), representatives of the Third Estate

(in theory, all of the commoners (98 % of the population); in practice, the bourgeoisie), declared themselves the National

Assembly, an assembly not of the Estates but of "the People". They were slowly joined by the First Estate (the clergy)

and the Second Estate (the nobility)

the Jacobin Club (May 1789 - July 29, 1794) was officially

called "The Society of the Friends of the Constitution"

the Abbé Sieyès (May 28, 1789) author of "Qu’est-ce que le tiers état?" moved that the Third Estate,

now meeting as the Communes, proceed with verification of its own powers and invite the other two

estates to take part, but not to wait for them. They proceeded to do so, completing the process on June 17

General unrest occasioned by economic conditions (January 24, 1789) led to the Summoning of the Estates-General for the first time since 1614

Louis XVI issued the Lamoignon Edict (May 8, 1788) which abolished the power of parliament to review royal edicts

the first assembly of Notables (February 22 - May 25, 1787) was called by Charles Alexandre de Calonne,

Controller-General of Finances against a background of state financial instability and general resistance by

 the aristocracy, for example, to the imposition of taxes and fiscal reforms. On July 13, the assembly

  demanded that Louis XVI call the Estates-General, and on December 18, the king promised to do so

 within five years. By this time, Calonne had been succeeded as finance minister by his chief critic,

 Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne; Brienne was in turn succeeded by Jacques Necker, a former

 finance minister who was sympathetic to the Third Estate. With Necker once again in charge of the

 nation's finances, the king, on August 8, 1788, agreed to convene the Estates-General in May of 1789

a courier for the Illuminati, named Lanze (1785) was racing on horseback from Frankfurt to Paris carrying

documents relating to Illuminati activities in general, and specific instructions for the planned French

Revolution in particular when he was hit by lightning and killed while traveling through the town of Ratisbon.

Free masonry was subsequently outlawed in Bavaria

the affair of the diamond necklace (August  1785) was a mysterious incident in the 1780s at the court of

Louis XVI of France involving the queen Marie Antoinette. It concerned an unsavoury episode in

which the wife of Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, whose reputation was already tarnished by gossip

and scandal, was  implicated in a crime by contemporary public opinion. The affair was historically

significant as one of the events that led to the French populace's disillusionment with the monarchy

the Parlaiment of Paris (1771) was abolished by King of France Louis XV and his Chancellor

René de Maupeou, as well as regional parlements, to give the King more power in changing law