Robert Nalbandyan is the co-discoverer of the photosynthetic protein plantacyanin and a pioneer in the field of free radicals

Robert Curl discoverer of fullerenes, wich are one of only four types of naturally occurring forms of carbon (the other three being diamond, graphite and ceraphite)

Neil Bartlett prepared the first noble gas compound, xenon hexafluoroplatinate, Xe+[PtF6]-. This contradicted all ideas chemists had of the nature of valency, as it was believed that xenon, like all noble gases, was totally inert to chemical combination

Stanley L. Miller showed in the Miller-Urey experiment that, if a mixture of ammonia, methane and hydrogen be exposed to ultraviolet radiation and to water, it can interact to produce amino acids, the building blocks of life

Ilya Prigogine was a Belgian physicist and chemist noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility

Robert Burns Woodward was an American organic chemist, widely regarded as the preeminent organic chemist of the century. He made many outstanding contributions to modern organic chemistry, especially through the synthesis and structure determination of complex natural products

Glenn Theodore Seaborg was prominent in the discovery and isolation of many transuranic elements (including plutonium, during the Manhattan Project)

Willard Frank Libby was an American chemist, famous for his role in the  development of radiocarbon dating, a process which revolutionised archaeology

Linus Carl Pauling was a pioneer in the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry, and was one of the founders of molecular biology

Robert Sanderson Mulliken was primarily responsible for the elaboration of the molecular orbital method of computing the structure of molecules

Henrik Carl Peter Dam was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1943 for his work in discovering vitamin K and its role in human physiology

Victor Goldschmidt was a chemist considered to be the founder of modern geochemistry and crystal chemistry, developer of the Goldschmidt Classification of elements

Irving Langmuir advanced several basic fields of physics and chemistry, invented the gas filled incandescent lamp, the hydrogen welding technique, and did work in surface chemistry

Gilbert Newton Lewis coined the term "photon" for the smallest unit of radiant energy, published several papers on relativity, in which he derived the mass-energy relationship in a different way from Albert Einstein's derivation, defined the term odd molecule, formulated the Lewis theory of acids and bases, invented the chemical notation system called the Lewis dot structure

Carl Bosch developed the Haber-Bosch process together with Fritz Haber, the Haber Process (also Haber-Bosch process) is the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia

Felix Hoffmann is best known for having synthesized acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for the first time in a stable form usable for medical applications, which Bayer then started marketing as Aspirin

Maria Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie isolated and named  the radioactive elements polonium and radium, and pioneered the science of radiology

Alfred Werner developed the basis for modern coordination chemistry and proposed the octahedral configuration of transition metal complexes

Wilhelm Ostwald invented the Ostwald process used in the manufacture of nitric acid, leading to mass production of fertilizers and explosives. He also did significant work on dilution theory leading to his discovery of the law of dilution which is named after him

William Ramsay published several notable papers on the oxides of nitrogen and followed these up with the discovery of argon, helium, neon, krypton, and xenon

Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff accounted for the phenomenon of optical activity by assuming that the chemical bonds between carbon atoms and their neighbors were directed towards the corners of a regular tetrahedron. This three-dimensional structure perfectly accounted for the isomers found in nature

Henry Louis Le Chatelier is most famous for Le Chatelier's principle, which is used by chemists to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium

Sir James Dewar discovered a process to produce liquid oxygen in industrial quantities, developed an insulating bottle, Dewar flask, still named after him, to study low temperature gas phenomena, and observed that cold charcoal could produce a vacuum

Johannes Diderik van der Waals was the first to realise the necessity of taking into account the volumes of molecules and the intermolecular forces (now generally called "van der Waals forces") in establishing the relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature of gases and liquids

Alexander Mitscherlich his most important work was in the field of processing wood to create cellulose

Julius Lothar Meyer was contemporary and competitor of Dmitri Mendeleev to draw up the first periodic table of chemical elements. Some five years apart, both Mendeleev and Meyer worked with Robert Bunsen

Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz discovered the ring shape of the benzene molecule after dreaming of a snake seizing its own tail

Emil Erlenmeyer formulated the Erlenmeyer Rule: All alcohols in which the hydroxyl  group is attached directly to a double-bonded carbon atom become aldehydes or ketones

Louis Pasteur is known for his demonstration of the germ theory of disease and his development techniques of inoculation, most notably the first vaccine against rabies; he also made a major discovery in the field of chemistry, regarding asymmetric molecules and the polarization of light

Robert Wilhelm Bunsen perfected the burner that was named after him, invented by British chemist/physicist Michael Faraday, and worked on emission spectroscopy of heated elements

Justus von Liebig made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry

Friedrich Wöhler is best-known for his synthesis of urea, but was also the first to isolate several of the elements

Jean Baptiste André Dumas is best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) by measuring vapor densities

Jöns Jakob Berzelius invented modern chemical notation and is considered one of the fathers of modern chemistry

Amedeo Avogadro is most noted for his contributions to the theory of molarity and molecular

weight. The number of molecules in one mole is called Avogadro's number is honor of him, as is Avogadro's law

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier is often referred to as the father of modern chemistry, stated the first version of the Law of Conservation of Matter, recognized and named oxygen, disproved the phlogiston theory, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature

Carl Wilhelm Scheele was the discoverer of many chemical substances, most notably discovering oxygen before Joseph Priestley

Robert Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist and among his works "The Sceptical Chemist" is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry